Indeed, it is precisely this aspect of the constructions of inter-universal Teichm¨uller theory that motivated the author to include the discussion of species in [IUTchIV], §3. Finally, we recall — cf. also the discussion of §3.10 [especially, (Stp7)] below — that (LVsQ) it is only in the final portion of inter-universal Teichm¨uller theory, i.e., once one obtains a formal (sub)quotient that forms a “closed loop”, that one may pass from this formal (sub)quotient to a “coarse/set-theoretic (sub)quotient” by taking the log-volume Indeed, it is precisely this aspect of the constructions of inter-universal Teichm¨uller theory that motivated the author to include the discussion of species in [IUTchIV], §3. Finally, we recall — cf. also the discussion of §3.10 [especially, (Stp7)] below — that (LVsQ) it is only in the final portion of inter-universal Teichm¨uller theory, i.e., once one obtains a formal (sub)quotient that forms a “closed loop”, that one may pass from this formal (sub)quotient to a “coarse/set-theoretic (sub)quotient” by taking the log-volume
(参考) https://www.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~motizuki/papers-japanese.html https://www.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~motizuki/Essential%20Logical%20Structure%20of%20Inter-universal%20Teichmuller%20Theory.pdf [9] On the Essential Logical Structure of Inter-universal Teichmuller Theory in Terms of Logical AND "∧"/ Logical OR "∨" Relations: Report on the Occasion of the Publication of the Four Main Papers on Inter-universal Teichmuller Theory. PDF NEW!! (2024-03-24)
P152(speciesの出てくる箇所) Here, we note that these input/output labels “↑” are, in effect, implicit in the species-theoretic sense [cf. the discussion surrounding (NSsQ) in §3.8; the discussion of [IUTchIV], §3] — where we observe that the “package of data” constituted by a species may be understood as a sort of label! — in which the terms “input data”/“output data” are used throughout [IUTchIII] in the discussion of the multiradial algorithm of [IUTchIII], Theorem 3.11. (google訳) ここで、これらの入力/出力ラベルが 「↑」は事実上、"種"理論的な意味で暗黙的に含まれています [cf. その議論 周囲(NSsQ) §3.8; [IUTchIV] の議論、 §3] — ここで 私たちは、種によって構成される「データのパッケージ」が次のようなものである可能性があることに気づきました。 一種のラベルとして理解されています。 — 「入力データ」/「出力」という用語 データ」は、マルチラジアルの議論において [IUTchIII] 全体で使用されます。 [IUTchIII] のアルゴリズム、定理 3.11。 0391132人目の素数さん2024/05/01(水) 11:21:27.08ID:X2Ty+A3A IUT論文の評価は望月∨ ∧ 文も含め 2020年4月3日 PRIMS特別編集委員会委員長. IUT論文受理の記者会見 玉川安騎男教授 IUTTは「全く新しい理論 」毎日 「査読の過程はお墓に持っていく」
(参考) https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%83%E4%BD%93 一元体(いちげんたい、英: field with one element)あるいは標数 1 の体 (field of characteristic one) とは、「ただひとつの元からなる有限体」と呼んでもおかしくない程に有限体と類似の性質を持つ数学的対象を示唆する仮想的な呼称である。しばしば、一元体を F1 あるいは Fun[note 1] で表す。通常の抽象代数学的な意味での「ただひとつの元からなる体」は存在せず、「一元体」の呼称や「F1」といった表示はあくまで示唆的なものでしかないということには留意すべきである。その代わり、F1 の概念は、抽象代数学を形作る旧来の材料である「集合と作用」が、もっとほかのより柔軟な数学的対象で置き換わるべきといった方法論を提供するものと考えられている。そういった新しい枠組みにおける理論で一元体を実現しているようなものは未だ存在していないが、標数 1 の体に類似した対象についてはいくつか知られており、それらの対象もやはり用語を流用して象徴的に一元体 F1 と呼ばれている。なお、一元体上の数学は日本の黒川信重ら一部の数学者によって、絶対数学と呼ばれている。 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_with_one_element Field with one element
https://www.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~motizuki/travel-japanese.html https://www.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~motizuki/Suuronteki%20log%20scheme%20no%20kenrontekihyouji%20kara%20mita%20daen%20kyokusen%20no%20suuron%20(Hokudai%202003-11).pdf [10] 数論的log schemeの圏論的表示から見た楕円曲線の数論 (北海道大学 2003年11月). PDF
(c)楕円曲線のHodge-Arakelov理論: (1998年〜2000年) この理論は、 古典的なガウス積分 ∫-∞〜∞ exp(-x^2)dx=√π の「離散的スキーム論版」と見ることもできる。詳しくは、 A Survev of the Hodge-Arakelov TheolEV of ElliDtic Curves I.II をご参照下さい。
P5 因みに、2000年夏まで研究していたスキーム論的なHodge-Arakelov理論がガウス 積分 ∫-∞〜∞ exp(-x^2)dx=√π の「離散的スキーム論版」だとすると、IUTbichは、 このガウス積分の「大域的ガロア理論版ないしはIU版」 と見ることができ、また古典的なガウス積分の計算に出てくる「直交座標」と「極座 標」の間の座標変換は、(IU版では)ちょうど「The geometry of Frobenioids l II」 で研究した「Frobenius系構造」と「etale系構造」の間の「比較理論」に対応して いると見ることができる。この「本体」の理論は、現在のところ二篇の論文に分けて 書く予定である。
基礎論破ってない と本人が言っている >>316 再録 "artificial solution to the "membership equation a ∈ a"" については、[cf. the discussion of [IUTchIV], Remark 3.3.1(i)]で "大まかに言えば、基礎の公理に違反することなく「∈ ループをシミュレートする」こと(が可能)です" が結論
(参考) https://www.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~motizuki/Inter-universal%20Teichmuller%20Theory%20I.pdf Inter-universal Teichmuller TheoryI P102 (b) an isomorphism, or identification, between v [i.e., a prime of F ] and v'[i.e., a prime of K] which [manifestly — cf., e.g., [NSW], Theorem 12.2.5] fails to extend to an isomorphism between the respective prime decomposition trees over v and v'.
If one thinks of the relation “∈” between sets in axiomatic set theory as determining a "tree", then the point of view of (b) is reminiscent of the point of view of [IUTchIV],§3, where one is concerned with constructing some sort of artificial solution to the “membership equation a ∈ a” [cf. the discussion of [IUTchIV], Remark 3.3.1(i)].
https://www.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~motizuki/Inter-universal%20Teichmuller%20Theory%20IV.pdf Inter-universal Teichmuller TheoryIV P75 Remark 3.3.1 (i) One well-known consequence of the axiom of foundation of axiomatic set theory is the assertion that “∈-loops” a∈b∈c∈...∈a can never occur in the set theory in which one works. On the other hand, there are many situations in mathematics in which one wishes to somehow “identify”mathematical objects that arise at higher levels of the ∈-structure of the set theory under consideration with mathematical objects that arise at lower levels of this ∈-structure. 略 That is to say, the mathematical objects at both higher and lower levels of the ∈-structure constitute examples of the same mathematical notion of a “set”, so that one may consider “bijections of sets” between those sets without violating the axiom of foundation. In some sense,the notion of a species may be thought of as a natural extension of this observation.
That is to say, the notion of a “species” allows one to consider, for instance, speciesisomorphisms between species-objects that occur at different levels of the ∈-structure of the set theory under consideration — i.e., roughly speaking, to “simulate ∈-loops” — without violating the axiom of foundation. (google訳) 「種」の概念により、たとえば、検討中の集合論の ∈ 構造の異なるレベルで発生する種オブジェクト間の種同型写像を考慮することができます — つまり、大まかに言えば、基礎の公理に違反することなく「∈ ループをシミュレートする」こと(が可能)です 0436132人目の素数さん2024/05/02(木) 13:49:35.86ID:u4DjJzRY>>435
・IUT論文長いので、PDFの単語検索をかけたよ。“species”で、ヒットするのはIUT Iの冒頭のP22の1か所のみで あとは論文本体には皆無で、IUT IVの付録の”§3. Inter-universal Formalism: the Language of Species”まで飛ぶ ・つまりは、プロレスで言えば、本来のリング内では“species”なしで その後に 場外のIUT IV §3で、“species”論を、望月氏は一席ぶっているんだねw ・IUT IV §3は、本来のリング外だから そこでなにかあっても、本体の部分は殆ど無関係ですよ(最悪、(着想部分? or 勘違い部分?のw)IUT IV §3と、IUT Iの冒頭のP22の1か所を削除すれば良いだけのことよ。それでも論文本体は成り立つ!)
(参考) https://www.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~motizuki/papers-japanese.html 望月新一 宇宙際Teichmuller理論 [1] Inter-universal Teichmuller Theory I: Construction of Hodge Theaters. PDF NEW !! (2020-05-18) [2] Inter-universal Teichmuller Theory II: Hodge-Arakelov-theoretic Evaluation. PDF NEW !! (2020-12-23) [3] Inter-universal Teichmuller Theory III: Canonical Splittings of the Log-theta-lattice. PDF NEW !! (2020-05-18) [4] Inter-universal Teichmuller Theory IV: Log-volume Computations and Set-theoretic Foundations. PDF NEW !! (2020-04-22)
・Inter-universal Teichmuller Theory I で、“species”は冒頭の1か所のみ P22 At this point, the careful reader will note that the above discussion of the inter-universal aspects of the theory of the present series of papers depends, in an essential way, on the issue of distinguishing different “types of mathematical objects” and hence, in particular, on the notion of a “type of mathematical object”. This notion may be formalized via the language of “species”, which we develop in the final portion of [IUTchIV].
・Inter-universal Teichmuller Theory I,IIは、皆無
・Inter-universal Teichmuller Theory IVは、§3で出てくるが、§3はあくまで付け足し解説で、IUTの本体数学外 §3. Inter-universal Formalism: the Language of Species 0441132人目の素数さん2024/05/02(木) 16:48:39.95ID:MGx3IZdS>>440 >IUT論文長いので、PDFの単語検索をかけたよ。 >“species”で、ヒットするのは >IUT Iの冒頭のP22の1か所のみで >あとは論文本体には皆無で、 >IUT IVの付録の”§3. Inter-universal Formalism: the Language of Species”まで飛ぶ >つまりは、プロレスで言えば、 >本来のリング内では“species”なしで >その後に 場外のIUT IV §3で、 >“species”論を、望月氏は一席ぶっているんだね >IUT IV §3は、本来のリング外だから >そこでなにかあっても、本体の部分は殆ど無関係ですよ
・下記のIUT IVの下記P6(Introduction内)より ”As one constructs sets at new levels of the ∈-structure of some model of axiomatic set theory — e.g., as one travels along vertical or horizontal lines of the log-theta-lattice! — one typically encounters new schemes, which give rise to new Galois categories, hence to new Galois or ´etale fundamental groups, which may only be constructed if one allows oneself to consider new basepoints, relative to new universes. ”
(参考) https://www.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~motizuki/papers-japanese.html 望月新一 宇宙際Teichmuller理論 [1] Inter-universal Teichmuller Theory I: Construction of Hodge Theaters. PDF NEW !! (2020-05-18) [2] Inter-universal Teichmuller Theory II: Hodge-Arakelov-theoretic Evaluation. PDF NEW !! (2020-12-23) [3] Inter-universal Teichmuller Theory III: Canonical Splittings of the Log-theta-lattice. PDF NEW !! (2020-05-18) [4] Inter-universal Teichmuller Theory IV: Log-volume Computations and Set-theoretic Foundations. PDF NEW !! (2020-04-22)
・Inter-universal Teichmuller Theory I で、“univers”のカ所 P21 It is this fundamental aspect of the theory of the present series of papers — i.e., of relating the distinct set-theoretic universes associated to the distinct fiber functors/basepoints on either side of such a non-ring/scheme-theoretic filter — that we refer to as inter-universal. P33 Thus, from the point of view of “coarsifications of 2-categories of 1-categories” [cf. [FrdI], Appendix, Definition A.1, (ii)], an “isomorphism C →D” is precisely an “isomorphism in the usual sense” of the [1-]category constituted by the coarsification of the 2-category of all small 1-categories relative to a suitable universe with respect to which C and D are small.
・Inter-universal Teichmuller Theory IV で、“univers”のカ所 (P2からのIntroduction内) P6 As one constructs sets at new levels of the ∈-structure of some model of axiomatic set theory — e.g., as one travels along vertical or horizontal lines of the log-theta-lattice! — one typically encounters new schemes, which give rise to new Galois categories, hence to new Galois or ´etale fundamental groups, which may only be constructed if one allows oneself to consider new basepoints, relative to new universes. In particular, one must continue to extend the universe, i.e., to modify the model of set theory, relative to which one works. Here, we recall in passing that such “extensions of universe” are possible on account of an existence axiom concerning universes, which is apparently attributed to the “Grothendieck school” and, moreover, cannot, apparently, be obtained as a consequence of the conventional ZFC axioms of axiomatic set theory [cf. the discussion at the beginning of §3 for more details]. On the other hand, ultimately in the present series of papers [cf. the discussion of [IUTchIII], Introduction], we wish to obtain algorithms for constructing various objects that arise in the context of the new schemes/universes discussed above — i.e., at distant Θ±ell NF-Hodge theaters of the log-theta-lattice — that make sense from the point of view of the original schemes/universes that occurred at the outset of the discussion. Again, the fundamental tool that makes this possible, i.e., that allows one to express constructions in the new universes in terms that makes sense in the original universe is precisely the species-theoretic formulation — i.e., the formulation via settheoretic formulas that do not depend on particular choices invoked in particular universes — of the constructions of interest
P7 If,instead of working species-theoretically, one attempts to document all of the possible choices that occur in various newly introduced universes that occur in a construction, then one finds that one is obliged to work with sets, such as sets obtained via set-theoretic exponentiation, of very large cardinality. (§3にある個所は略す) (引用終り) 以上 0470132人目の素数さん2024/05/02(木) 21:25:43.78ID:e13eGB1v>>465 >それはあくまでモチベーション理解の話だよ >abc予想の証明に宇宙際なんか必要ないと俺は思ってる >IUTについて適度に考えるのは無駄にはならないとも思ってる
・全面同意 ・宇宙際は、望月氏が発想・着想でこだわっているだけと思う ・適度に流さないと "artificial solution to the "membership equation a ∈ a""などに こだわっても仕方ない気がする 0471132人目の素数さん2024/05/02(木) 21:31:17.14ID:2SgEedok >その証明はどこにある?