【医療翻訳に役立つ基礎知識】No.13 | 主な症状の解説E Y. 肥満(Obesity) https://www.k-intl.co.jp/blog/35 米国では成人の2/3が肥満(BMI≧25)で、特に、黒人とヒスパニックの女性でその頻度は高い(黒人女性:82.1%、ヒスパニック女性:75.7%、白人女性:59.5%)。 しかし、肥満を BMI≧30%とした場合、米国成人のBMI平均値は男女とも28.7で、肥満の頻度は、男性:35.5%、女性:35.8%となる (Flegel KM, Carroll MD, et al: Prevalence of Obesity and Trends in the Distribution of Body Mass Index among US Adults. JAMA 307(5):491-497, 2012)。 0022病弱名無しさん2018/08/22(水) 20:01:13.85ID:0b2GHcCD0 68.コホートにおける中年期での血管障害リスク因子の暴露と25年後の認知症発症との関連 http://low-carbo-diet.com/paper/the-atherosclerosis-risk%E3%80%80in-communities/ デザイン、設定、参加者: 前向きコホート研究であるARICは1987〜1989年と2011年〜2013年の2サイクルで行われた。データ解析は2015年4月〜2016年8月の期間で行われた。 コホートの設定は米国の4つの地域(メリーランド州ワシントン郡、ノースカロライナ州フォーサイス群、ミシシッピ州ジャクソン、ミネソタ州ミネアポリス郊外)の ARICの対象とする多施設であった。この研究には試験開始時の年齢が44〜66歳の参加者15744人(27.1%が黒人、72.9%が白人)が含まれた。 -------
■[2007年文献] 若返りの生活習慣改善(ARIC) King DE, et al: Turning back the clock: adopting a healthy lifestyle in middle age. Am J Med. 2007; 120: 598-603. http://www.epi-c.jp/entry/e888_0_0026.html 結 果 ◇ 健康的な生活習慣の実施率 ベースライン時(Visit 1)に4項目すべてを満たす健康的な生活習慣を実施していたのは,15708人中1344人(8.5 %)だった。 ★★生活習慣が健康的ではない傾向★★がみとめられたのは,45〜54歳の人,★★男性,★★アフリカ系アメリカ人,★★高血圧または糖尿病既往のある人,★★最終学歴が高校以下の人,★★家庭の年収が3万5000ドル未満の人。 ◇ 健康的な生活習慣に移行した人 ベースライン時(Visit 1)に健康的な生活習慣を実施していなかった人のうち,6年後(Visit 3)までに4項目すべてを満たす健康的な生活習慣に移行した人(改善移行群)は970人(8.4 %)。
元論文 Sandeep C Kulkarni, et al. Population Health Metrics20119:16 Falling behind: life expectancy in US counties from 2000 to 2007 in an international context https://pophealthmetrics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1478-7954-9-16 Figure 1 (a) County life expectancy in 2007; (b) calendar years behind or ahead of the international frontier in 2007. https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2F1478-7954-9-16/MediaObjects/12963_2010_Article_138_Fig1_HTML.jpg0027病弱名無しさん2018/08/22(水) 20:09:00.92ID:0b2GHcCD0>>26 (本文中のFig1の説明) In 2007, life expectancy at birth for American men and women was 75.6 and 80.8 years, ranking 37th and 37th, respectively, in the world. Across US counties, life expectancy at birth ranged from 65.9 to 81.1 years for men and 73.5 to 86.0 years for women (Figure 1a). Geographically, the lowest life expectancies for both sexes were in counties in Appalachia and the Deep South, extending across northern Texas. Counties with the highest life expectancies tended to be in the northern Plains and along the Pacific coast and the Eastern Seaboard. In addition to these broad geographic patterns, there are more isolated counties with low life expectancies in a number of western counties with large Native American populations. Clusters of counties with high life expectancies for males and females are seen in Colorado, Minnesota, Utah, California, Washington, and Florida.
(ぐーぐる蒟蒻) 2007年、アメリカの男性と女性の平均寿命は75.6歳と80.8歳で、世界でそれぞれ37位と37位になりました。米国郡では、出生時の平均余命は、男性で65.9から81.1歳、女性で73.5から86.0歳の範囲であった(図1a)。 地理的には、両方の性別で★★最も低い平均寿命は、テキサス州北部にまたがるアパラチアとディープ・サウスの郡★★であった。平均期待寿命の高い郡は、北部の平野と太平洋沿岸と東部の海岸に沿っている傾向がありました。 これらの広範な地理的パターンに加えて、ネイティブアメリカンの人口が多い多くの西部郡では、寿命が短い独立した郡があります。 コロラド州、★★ミネソタ州★★、ユタ州、カリフォルニア州、ワシントン州、フロリダ州では、★★男性と女性の平均余命が期待できる郡の集落が見られます★★。 0028病弱名無しさん2018/08/22(水) 20:09:34.78ID:0b2GHcCD0>>26 (本文中のFig1の説明続き) Another way of analyzing local patterns of life expectancy is to compare them to a life expectancy time series of the best-attained life expectancy in each year, measured by the average life expectancy in the top 10 countries. National life expectancy in the US in 2007 was lower than the international frontier by 3.2 years (13 years behind) for men and 3.2 years (16 years behind) for women. In 2000, county-level life expectancies range from nine years ahead of the international frontier to over 50 years behind for men and one year ahead of the international frontier to 45 years behind for women. In 2007, county-level life expectancies range from 15 years ahead of the international frontier to over 50 years behind for men and 16 years ahead to over 50 years behind for women (Figure 1b). Thirty-three counties for men and eight counties for women have higher life expectancies than the average of the 10 leading countries in 2007. Ninety-two counties for men and two counties for women have life expectancies that are comparable to that of the 10 leading countries before 1957.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1998 Oct;98(10):1136-40. Literacy and body fatness are associated with underreporting of energy intake in US low-income women using the multiple-pass 24-hour recall: a doubly labeled water study. Johnson RK1, Soultanakis RP, Matthews DE. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9787719 DESIGN: Four multiple-pass 24-hour recalls (2 in person, 2 by telephone) were obtained over a 14-day period to estimate energy intake. Total energy expenditure was measured over the same 14-day period using the doubly labeled water method. Body composition was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and literacy was measured by the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT) for reading and spelling. CONCLUSIONS: The multiple-pass 24-hour recall did not generate a group measure of energy intake that was accurate or unbiased in this sample. Underreporting was strongly associated with increased body fatness. The ability to read and spell as measured by the WRAT improved the accuracy of the women's recall of their food intake. 0034病弱名無しさん2018/09/11(火) 00:56:15.370 J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Jun;108(6):1003-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.03.006. Underreporting of energy intake and associated factors in a Latino population at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Olendzki BC1, Ma Y, Hébert JR, Pagoto SL, Merriam PA, Rosal MC, Ockene IS. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4017735/ When multiplied by an activity factor (1.20 for sedentariness), expected caloric intake was 1794 (SD=294.0), indicating underreporting by an average of 254 Kcal/day. Mean EI/BMRest was 1.03 (SD=0.37), and was lower for participants with higher BMI, siblings with diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, and the unemployed. EI underreporting is prevalent in this low-income, low- literacy Caribbean Latino population. Future studies are needed to develop dietary assessment measures that minimize underreporting in this population. 0035病弱名無しさん2018/09/11(火) 00:56:35.010 Nutr Rev. 2006 Feb;64(2 Pt 1):53-66. The psychosocial and behavioral characteristics related to energy misreporting. Maurer J1, Taren DL, Teixeira PJ, Thomson CA, Lohman TG, Going SB, Houtkooper LB. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16536182 Efforts are needed to understand the psychosocial and behavioral characteristics associated with misreporting to help improve the accuracy of dietary self-reporting. Past research suggests that higher social desirability and greater eating restraint are key factors influencing misreporting, while a history of dieting and being overweight are more moderately associated. Eating disinhibition, body image, depression, anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation may be related to energy misreporting, but evidence is insufficient.
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014 Apr; 5(2): 85–91. Under-reporting of Energy Intake from 24-hour Dietary Recalls in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4064631/ Conclusion The under-reporting of energy intake was associated with age, gender, education level, income level, household status (single-person or multi-person), self-rated health, physical activity, and obesity. 0036病弱名無しさん2018/09/11(火) 00:56:52.880 女性、高い体脂肪率、こうありたいセルフイメージと現状との乖離がある場合に過少申告する傾向がみられる
J Am Diet Assoc. 2003 Sep;103(9):1146-51. Personality characteristics as predictors of underreporting of energy intake on 24-hour dietary recall interviews. Novotny JA1, Rumpler WV, Riddick H, Hebert JR, Rhodes D, Judd JT, Baer DJ, McDowell M, Briefel R. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12963942 RESULTS: Factors particularly important in predicting underreporting of energy intake include factors indicating dissatisfaction with body image; for example, a 398 kcal/day underreport in subjects attempting weight loss during the past year with a nearly 500 kcal/day underreport in women. Overall, women underreported by 393 kcal/day relative to men and women evinced a social desirability bias amounting to a 26 kcal underreport for each point on the social desirability scale. Gender differences also were evident in the effect of percent body fat (with men underreporting about 16 kcal/day/percent body fat) and in departure from self-reported ideal body weight (with women underreporting about 21 kcal/day/kg). 0037病弱名無しさん2018/09/11(火) 00:58:37.920 日本の若年女子では、意識高い系ガリメンヘラが過少申告する傾向
Public Health Nutr. 2004 Oct;7(7):911-7. Underreporting of energy intake among Japanese women aged 18-20 years and its association with reported nutrient and food group intakes. Okubo H1, Sasaki S. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15482617 CONCLUSION: Underreporting, rather than overreporting, of energy intake was predominant in this relatively lean Japanese female population. BMI was the most important factor affecting the reporting accuracy of energy intake. 0038病弱名無しさん2018/09/11(火) 00:59:47.49ID:OfICLSoJ0>>33-37(ID表示タグ) 0039病弱名無しさん2018/09/11(火) 01:10:09.74ID:OfICLSoJ0 こちらも意識高い系ガリ女子が過少申告する傾向
Underreporting of Habitual Food Intake Is Explained by Undereating in Highly Motivated Lean Women Annelies H. C. Goris Klaas R. Westerterp The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 129, Issue 4, 1 April 1999, Pages 878–882, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/129.4.878 https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/129/4/878/4721809 In conclusion, in the studied group of highly motivated lean women, there was 16% underreporting of habitual food intake, which could be explained by undereating.
意識高い系ガリメンヘラ属性が過少申告する傾向を踏まえると ハーバード大が抱える大規模コホートのうち、Nurses' Health Study(NHS)のlean peopleはガリメンヘラのすくつであるため 教育レベルや識字率が高い集団であるにもかかわらず(あるいはむしろ医療専門職であるからこそ) 食事アンケート回答内容の信頼度が落ちている可能性がある 0040病弱名無しさん2018/09/11(火) 01:24:44.72ID:OfICLSoJ0 申告内容の精度改善と個別化・適正化の試み:スマホアプリが善戦
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017 Mar 14;14(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s12966-017-0488-9. Evaluation of a smartphone food diary application using objectively measured energy expenditure. Pendergast FJ1, Ridgers ND2, Worsley A2, McNaughton SA2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28288657 CONCLUSIONS: FoodNow is a suitable method for capturing estimated energy intake data from young adults. Despite wide levels of agreement at the individual level (-3709 kJ to 2056 kJ), at the group level, FoodNow appears to have potential as a dietary assessment tool. 0041病弱名無しさん2018/09/11(火) 01:25:35.60ID:OfICLSoJ0 紙の日誌形式よりもスマホアプリ入力のほうが、食事内容記載の正確性具体性を担保できる
JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2018 Jan; 6(1): e17. Comparing Diet and Exercise Monitoring Using Smartphone App and Paper Diary: A Two-Phase Intervention Study https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5789166/ Result > Recording Diet and Exercise(本文) In general, recorded food intake was similar using either method; however, the reported consumption of chocolate snacks (P=.01) and fizzy drinks (P=.002) was significantly lower during the app phase than when paper diaries were used (Figure 2). It was noted by researchers that the quality of the data retrievable from the app was considerably better in terms of specific foods eaten and sources. For example, although a paper diary may just say “Chinese take away,” the app would prompt for a more specific description, for example, “Noodles and sweet and sour chicken.” 0042病弱名無しさん2018/09/11(火) 06:19:40.190 結論としてはこれまでの食事アンケートは全く信用出来ないってことだね 0043病弱名無しさん2018/09/13(木) 07:31:59.000http://rio2016.2ch.net/test/read.cgi/body/1534557191/991
って感じです。40%〜80%でやった場合は筋肉の増え方に差はなかったんですが、20%まで落とすと大きな違いが出ちゃったんですな(11.4% vs 25-25.3%)。 つまり、ベンチプレスの最大重量が100kgの人がいた場合は、40kgでも80kgでも効果は変わらないんだけど、20kgでやってたらどんなに回数を増やしても筋肉は一気に増えなくなってしまうわけですな。なるほどねぇ。 http://rio2016.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/body/1537132075/4450048病弱名無しさん2018/10/07(日) 03:29:36.63ID:uKWCno200 メモ、ハーバードの食物摂取頻度質問票(food frequency questionnaire: FFQ)