Memo．

cos(22.5ﾟ) = √{[1+cos(45ﾟ)]/2} = 0.9238795325
sin(22.5ﾟ) = √{[1-cos(45ﾟ)]/2} = 0.3826834324

O = (0，0)
円O：　x^2 + y^2 = (2r)^2,
A = (-2r･sin(22.5ﾟ)，-2r･cos(22.5ﾟ) ) = (x(A)，y(A))
B = ( 2r･sin(22.5ﾟ)，-2r･cos(22.5ﾟ) ) = (x(B)，y(B))

AB = x(B) - x(A) = 4r sin(22.5ﾟ) = 2√(2-√2) r = 1.53073373 r^2,
y(A) = y(B) = -√(2+√2) r,

円A：　{x - x(A)}^2 + {y - y(A)}^2 = AM^2 = r^2,

点Bから円Aに曳いた接線は
　y = ±m{x -x(B)} + y(B),
　m = 1/√(7-4√2) = 0.862856
接点Qは
　x(Q) = -(1/4)(2-√2)^(3/2) r = -0.1120854 r

OP//BQ より
　y(P) = ±{2m/√(1+mm)} r = ±(1/√2)√(2+√2) r = ±1.306563 r,
　y(P1) - y(B) = (1/2)(2+√2)√(2+√2) r,
　y(P2) - y(B) = (1/2)(2-√2)√(2+√2) r,

△ABP1 = (1/2)AB{y(P1)-y(B)} = (√2 +1)r^2,
△ABP2 = (1/2)AB{y(P2)-y(B)} = (√2 -1)r^2,

(三日月型AB) = (π/2 - √2)r^2 = 0.15658276 r^2,

∴　S = (π/2 ± 1)r^2,