純粋・応用数学（含むガロア理論）3

**１３２人目の素数さん** · 2020/07/19(日) 22:51:08.91

クレレ誌：
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%83%AC%E8%AA%8C
クレレ誌はアカデミーの紀要ではない最初の主要な数学学術誌の一つである（Neuenschwander 1994, p. 1533）。ニールス・アーベル、ゲオルク・カントール、ゴットホルト・アイゼンシュタインらの研究を含む著名な論文を掲載してきた。
(引用終り)

そこで
現代の純粋・応用数学（含むガロア理論）を目指して
新スレを立てる（＾＾；

＜過去スレ＞
・純粋・応用数学（含むガロア理論）2
https://rio2016.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/math/1592578498/
・純粋・応用数学
https://rio2016.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/math/1582599485/
＜関連過去スレ（含むガロア理論）＞
・現代数学の系譜工学物理雑談古典ガロア理論も読む84
https://rio2016.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/math/1582200067/
・現代数学の系譜工学物理雑談古典ガロア理論も読む83
https://rio2016.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/math/1581243504/
＜関連姉妹スレ＞
・Inter-universal geometry と ABC予想 (応援スレ) 48
https://rio2016.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/math/1592119272/
・IUTを読むための用語集資料集スレ
https://rio2016.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/math/1592654877/
・現代数学の系譜カントル超限集合論他 3
https://rio2016.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/math/1595034113/

**現代数学の系譜雑談** ◆yH25M02vWFhP · 2020/08/23(日) 16:29:40.05

>>630 追加

これも、メモ

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisibility_(ring_theory)
Divisibility (ring theory)

In mathematics, the notion of a divisor originally arose within the context of arithmetic of whole numbers.
With the development of abstract rings, of which the integers are the archetype, the original notion of divisor found a natural extension.

Divisibility is a useful concept for the analysis of the structure of commutative rings because of its relationship with the ideal structure of such rings.

Definition
Let R be a ring,[1] and let a and b be elements of R. If there exists an element x in R with ax = b, one says that a is a left divisor of b in R and that b is a right multiple of a.[2]
Similarly, if there exists an element y in R with ya = b, one says that a is a right divisor of b and that b is a left multiple of a. One says that a is a two-sided divisor of b if it is both a left divisor and a right divisor of b; in this case, it is not necessarily true that (using the previous notation) x=y, only that both some x and some y which each individually satisfy the previous equations in R exist in R.

When R is commutative, a left divisor, a right divisor and a two-sided divisor coincide, so in this context one says that a is a divisor of b, or that b is a multiple of a, and one writes a ｜ b.
Elements a and b of an integral domain are associates if both a ｜ b and b ｜ a. The associate relationship is an equivalence relation on R, and hence divides R into disjoint equivalence classes.

Notes: These definitions make sense in any magma R, but they are used primarily when this magma is the multiplicative monoid of a ring.

つづく

**現代数学の系譜雑談** ◆yH25M02vWFhP · 2020/08/23(日) 16:30:07.34

>>635
つづき

Zero as a divisor, and zero divisors
・Some authors require a to be nonzero in the definition of divisor, but this causes some of the properties above to fail.
・If one interprets the definition of divisor literally, every a is a divisor of 0, since one can take x = 0. Because of this, it is traditional to abuse terminology by making an exception for zero divisors: one calls an element a in a commutative ring a zero divisor if there exists a nonzero x such that ax = 0.[3]
(引用終り)
以上