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To identify the antigen-positive sample in the most cost-effective manner, a strategy that minimizes the number of tests is required. Here's the optimal method:
Group the samples: Divide the 16 samples into 4 groups of 4 samples each. For example, Group 1: samples 1-4, Group 2: samples 5-8, Group 3: samples 9-12, Group 4: samples 13-16.
Test the groups: Perform a single test on each group. This will tell you which group contains the antigen-positive sample. (4 tests in total)
Identify the specific sample: Once the group containing the antigen-positive sample is identified, test the individual samples in that group. (3 tests in the worst case, if the positive sample is the last one tested in the group).
Thus, the total number of tests required is 4 (group tests) + 3 (individual tests) = 7 tests.
Since each test costs 100,000 yen, the total cost is: 7 tests × 100,000 yen = 700,000 yen.
This is the minimum cost required to identify the antigen-positive sample.